| Method | What it does | Classification | Core condition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hot Tapping | Create a connection under pressure | usually permanent | Weldability, remaining wall, flow | Details |
| Pipe Freezing | Valveless isolation via ice plug | temporary | Freezable medium, cold toughness | Details |
| Composite Repair | Reinforce or restore the wall | repair or time bridge | Defect type, substrate, ISO 24817 | Details |
| Online Leak Sealing | Contain an existing leak | time bridge | Sealant, enclosure, honest end date | Details |
| Pipe Crushing | Pinch ductile pipe flat | temporary | Ductile material, residual integrity | Details |
| Leak Prevention | Keep the leak from arising | upstream | Decision architecture | Details |
However different the methods are technically, their core problem is the same. Construction codes such as ASME B31.3 or EN 13480 describe how a plant is built. Procedure standards describe how an intervention on a suitable component is executed cleanly. None of them answers whether this specific aged component carries a live intervention in its actual condition.
This gap between manufacturing code and operational responsibility is the liability vacuum. It is the same for each of the six methods, only with different technique in front of it. FRALEX closes it not with a new material but with a traceable decision.
The second shared axis is the classification. An intervention either restores integrity, then it is a repair, or it bridges to the actual solution, then it is a time bridge. Both are legitimate. It becomes dangerous when a time bridge is sold and booked as a repair.
Online leak sealing is always a time bridge. Composite can be both. Hot tapping usually creates a permanent connection. Pipe freezing and pipe crushing are temporary isolations. Leak prevention sits before all of them and makes many interventions unnecessary. Whoever makes and documents this classification honestly owns it correctly.
Above all six methods lies the same layer: the decision whether, how and with what classification to intervene. That is FRALEX. GLSC codifies the procedure logic, LP moves the decision forward into prevention.
The sentence that carries the whole system holds equally for each of these methods: integrity is a decision, not a material property.
Cross cutting answers on live interventions. The method specific logic is on the individual pages and in the Veritas Library.
Whether hot tapping, freezing, composite or the question of whether an intervention is needed at all: FRALEX structures the decision. Directly with Frank Havemann.